The role of open standards in digital sovereignty, Kubernetes as the universal cloud abstraction layer, Container ecosystem maturity assessment
We ran Nginx Ingress for years. Then Kubernetes announced its retirement in November 2025. Because we'd adopted Gateway API, migrating to Envoy Gateway was straightforward. Here's the pattern that makes infrastructure components replaceable.
The Terraform license change taught us: widely adopted doesn't mean truly open. Kubernetes is different—CNCF-governed with over 88,000 contributors from 8,000+ companies. Your manifests work on Scaleway, OVHcloud, Hetzner, AWS, or bare metal. This is the portability foundation that makes independence possible.
When HashiCorp changed Terraform's license in August 2023, organisations that treated it as a standard got a wake-up call. Here's what we learned, why we moved to OpenTofu, and how Kubernetes demonstrates what a true standard looks like.
Europe's strength isn't in being a single superpower—it's in being multiple sovereign nations collaborating through shared frameworks. Open source follows the same model: multiple implementations collaborating through standards bodies. This isn't coincidence; it's complementary structure that makes European cloud independence natural.
Kubernetes abstracts away the underlying infrastructure, providing a consistent platform whether you're running on AWS, OVHcloud, or your own servers. This represents Europe's best path to cloud independence.
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